Vertebrate Adaptions for Terrestrial Life Essay -- AP-Biology Biology

Vertebrate Adaptions For Terrestrial LifeAP-Biology Essay on vertebrate structural adaptations for terrestrial life.The problems of survival of animals on land are very different fromthose of survival of animals in aquatic environment. Describe four problemsassociated with animal survival in terrestrial environments but non in aquaticenvironments. For each problem, explain a physiological of structural solution.Four problems faced by animals on land are breathing (respiration), pee conservation in excretions, successful reproduction, and the producing anegg which can survive outside of the water.All animals need to respire, but I have no idea why. by chance you wouldlike to answer that? Aquatic animals use gills, which are outgrowths from thebody which increase surface area over which gas exchange can occur. Inside thegills of aquatic animals, the circulatory system removes oxygen, and deliverswaste carbon dioxide. Land vertebrates have developed a different approach tothe problem of gas exchange, as water is not present in all of the terrestrialenvironment. Terrestrial vertebrates have developed lungs to solve this problem.Air enters through the nasal passages, or the mouth, passes through the trachea,then branches off-key at the two bronchi, and goes through many branching passagescalled bronchioles, which end in alveoli. Alveoli are sack-like structures wherethe circulatory system meets the respiratory system.S...

The Importance of Literary Trash :: Personal Narrative Essays

The Importance of Literary Trash   Ive heard it said that the goal of stark writings is to illuminate the human condition. If that is the case, the error of serious literature is that it is far too simple-minded and attempts to illuminate the human condition by portraying it directly. The great posture of myth, legend and their modern-day successor trashy genre fiction is that they dont just show us the human condition, but interpret, highlight and contrast it by presentation us the larger than support symbols. The courage and romance that allows us to survive and to savor daily life are the core of myth and genre. There they are made larger than life and inspire us to aspire to a greatness that goes beyond simple daily experience.   The other failing of modern serious literature is the failing of all modern art art for arts sake. Modern art far too frequently is nothing more than the artist covering off the techniques they would use if they were ever to create a tru e work of art. And so we see the sense of color that they would use if they ever a render and so on. Technique becomes all important and content is eschewed as distracting from the true art, meaning the simple skills and techniques.   An irony of this great art for art mistake is that matchless of its first and most eloquent spokesmen, Theophile Gautier, put forth his position in the introduction of his romantic novel Mademoiselle de Maupin, whose title character whose adventurous life would make a rip-roaring and thoroughly trashy adventure novel, if only the author had wished to actually tell a story. Jessica Amanda Salmonson, in her introduction to Amazons II, gives us a two-page summary of the life, loves, and adventures of the historical La Maupin, actress, duelist and lover that is both exciting and tantalizing, and which has at least as much plot in its 2 pages as Gautiers novel.     Stephen Donalson claimed at the second World Fantasy Convention (or was it th e third?) that he never read any non-fiction because all of the great insights that people told him they got from non-fiction deeds he had found long before in fictional tales. From context, it was clear that much of that fiction was fantasy and science fiction. While I wont go as far as Donalson, his point is similar to my own.

Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown †Poverty in the Tale and Author’s Lif

three-year-old Goodman Brown Poverty in the Tale and Authors Life Roy Harvey Pearce in Twice-Told Tales A Blend of Stories makes reference to the widely-known poverty of the aspiring writer,Nathaniel Hawthorne True enough, Hawthorne planned more than once to write groups of tales and sketches somehow linked into a whole nevertheless he could not get a publisher for them. When he did get a publisher in 1837, it had to be through the help of the hack-editor, Samuel Goodrich. . . . (107) Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown includes traits of the modest lifestyle which the author was forced to endure in his personal life. Besides this, there was also an artisitc-resources impoverishment because of the tiny town in which he lived. Henry Seidel Canby in A Skeptic Incompatible with His Time and His Past mentions of Hawthorne that human failures and their causes were more interesting to him than prophecies of success, one might truly hypothesise than success itself. He was not, I think, really interested in escape, except in moods of financial discouragement. . . . (57). Such moods of financial discouragement were to plague the author for just about his entire lifetime. Hawthornes financial impoverishment probably began with the untimely death of his father, and continued for most of his life. Gloria C. Erlich in The Divided Artist and His Uncles states that Robert Manning made the essential decisions in the lives of the Hawthorne children and is well known as the uncle who sent Hawthorne to college (35). After graduation from Bowdoin College, Hawthorne spent twelve years in his room at home in an incisive effort to make something of himself literarily. The Norton Anthology American Literature state... ...6. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown. 1835. http//www.cwrl.utexas.edu/daniel/amlit/goodman/goodmantext.html James, Henry. Hawthorne. http//eldred.ne.mediaone.net/nh/nhhj1.html Lewis, R. W. B. The Return into Time Hawthorne. In Hawthorne A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Norton Anthology American Literature, edited by Baym et al. New York W.W. Norton and Co., 1995. Pearce, Roy Harvey. Twice-Told Tales A Blend of Stories. In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 1996. Swisher, Clarice. Nathaniel Hawthorne a Biography. In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 1996.

Interview Essays - A Local Rock Star -- Interview Essays - A Local Roc

Local Rock StarSitting at the table with long, thick, blonde hair and a hint of Brad Pitts facial features sits Brian. He is a 17 year old high check junior, a guitarist in a local batch, and he is my interview. He will cast down nearly whole his sentences with uhh but then proceeds to long, interesting answers. I started by asking him about when he became interested in music, and who his influences were. Ive eer listened to music, he utter, my first album ever was Nirvanas Nevermind it was a cassette tape. I also listened to a lot of Michael Jacksondont laugh, I mean like Thriller and stuff. What inspired you to play an instrument?The Red Hot Chili Peppers CD Blood, Sugar, Sex, Magic was the first time I realized I wanted to play an instrument.What instruments do you play?Ive played guitar for the last four years, saxophone for the last twothough only in the school band, he said. The keyboard, bass and drums I can musically understand, though I dont usually play them.So tell me about the band. Whats the significance of the bands name, No Name Charlies?Uhh well we had, like, 100 names that we had gone through and we didnt really like. Then Greg, our former trombone player, said that whenever his teacher in elementary school would get an essay without a name on it, shed call it a no name Charlie. We all kind of liked it its definitely grown on us since then. He told me the band came together in November 2001, and their first show was in skip 2002. There has been a lot of movement in terms of the band members some have come and gone, some have come, gone and come hind end again, some switch instruments, and others have stepped in. The configuration, as i... ...ur first one, he says, referring to their 2003 demo Shut Up and Listen They met Pat Kays, bassist for the band Catch 22, when they opened for his band last year. Kays told the boys he liked their sound, and was interested in engineering and, to an extent, producing. It was mutual, B rian said, because we had been wanting to record, and he had wanted to engineer. It all kind of fell into place. Youthful endurance, continuing optimism and a smallbut steadily growingfan base have all contributed to the No Name Charlies local success. When asked whether the band would take the chance to induce famousif the chance was givenBrian said they would take it without question. However, he thinks balance is important, and would not sacrifice a college education for it. When asked if he thinks the band will distinguish it big, Brian replied, Id like to think so.

abuse :: essays research papers

Its natural for children to be raised in a warm and loving home and ripening up in a nice environment ,but in todays society that is not what our children get to experience.On Feb. 14th,Albany police removed three unattended children from a home on Sheridan Ave.. Conditions in the apartment included rats and mice running around. Feces clogged the bathtub and squalor throughout the apartment and endangered the safety of the children. The children were taken and removed quickly from the apartment and dod in a caring planetary household. Police told reporters that they had been at the house for three months earlier on November 4th, however, caseworkers found conditions give away than what they were on the 14th. The apartment was warm and clean and also had viands. The mother told caseworkers she was to get foodstamps the next day but caseworkers insisted on getting some more food .On Dec. 6th, the mother visited the office of child protection services with her children. She was o ffered assistance and told them she needed some help. At no time, however, the caseworkers note the condition in the house that justified the removal of the children. The county is required to do everything possible to keep a family together . This story is still being looked into, but as of now the children be staying in a warm home.This is strictly child abuse, not much as hitting but neglect. These children were left for days without food, water, baths, or a place to use the restroom. It is said each day in the United States, more than three children die as a result of child neglect and/or abuse. Most of the children who die are younger than the age of five. These children are innocent and have done nothing wrong, but the mother seemed not to be competent to take care of them. Child abuse is reported on average every ten seconds, and these types of abuse are as follow, Neglect- 53.5percent, Physical Abuse- 22.7percent, Sexual Abuse-11.5percent, mad Abuse-6percent,and Medical A buse 6percent. The statistics say that neglect is the number one abuse that children experience.Parents are not understanding when a child is abused, it effects their whole life, and it go out stay with them forever. Men and women who today are serving time in jail and prison have incidence of

abuse :: essays research papers

Its natural for children to be raised in a warm and loving situation and growing up in a nice environment ,but in todays society that is not what our children get to experience.On Feb. 14th,Albany police take a crap three unattended children from a home on Sheridan Ave.. Conditions in the apartment included rats and mice running around. Feces clogged the bathtub and squalor throughout the apartment and endangered the safety of the children. The children were taken and removed quickly from the apartment and placed in a caring ho dohold. Police told reporters that they had been at the house for three months earlier on November 4th, however, caseworkers found conditions better than what they were on the 14th. The apartment was warm and clean and also had food. The mother told caseworkers she was to get foodstamps the next day but caseworkers insisted on getting some more food .On Dec. 6th, the mother visited the office of child protection services with her children. She was offered assistance and told them she needed some help. At no time, however, the caseworkers note the condition in the house that warrant the removal of the children. The county is required to do everything possible to keep a family together . This story is still being looked into, but as of now the children are stay puting in a warm home.This is strictly child abuse, not much as hitting but neglect. These children were left for days without food, water, baths, or a place to use the restroom. It is said each day in the United States, more than three children die as a result of child neglect and/or abuse. close to of the children who die are younger than the age of five. These children are innocent and have done nothing wrong, but the mother seemed not to be able to take care of them. Child abuse is reported on average every ten seconds, and these types of abuse are as follow, Neglect- 53.5percent, Physical Abuse- 22.7percent, Sexual Abuse-11.5percent, Emotional Abuse-6percent,and aescula pian Abuse 6percent. The statistics say that neglect is the number one abuse that children experience.Parents are not understanding when a child is abused, it effects their whole life, and it will stay with them forever. Men and women who today are serving time in jail and prison have incidence of

Health care Essay

Chapter 1 Scarcely a news report goes by that does not address the number one wellness concern in the United States, fleshiness. obesity has long been a concern of the healthc ar industry, and the focus on children is increasing. obesity is considered the number one health risk for children in the United States today. Research demonstrates it is not only a concern but one that is now attain epidemic proportions. The number of children who are over burthen has doubled in the last two to three decades currently, one child in five is overweight.Research that indicates that if a child is overweight at age 6, his or her likelihood of adult obesity is more than 50 part. Obesity presents numerous health worrys for children hypertension and Type II diabetes, coronary heart disease, stress on weight-bearing joints, low self-esteem, and the risk for chronic health problems in adulthood. One of the most s incessantlye problems is quietness apnea (interrupted breathing while sleeping), wh ich, in some cases, washbowl lead to problems with learning and memory. (Blasi, 2003) Problem Statement, Purpose and RationaleChildhood obesity has become an epidemic in recent years, with more than 9 million children labeled cogent, and the decrease in natural raising requirements whitethorn be affecting the health of children. Children bring to prolong a regular rate of strong-arm action mechanism to maintain optimum health and this activity should be present in the physical education program. The shoot for of this study is to ascertain if participating in a routine exercise program can help reduce excess weight and maintain optimal fitness, by designing and implementing a quotidian fitness program for students.Obesity is defined as frame weight, which is more than normal for a particular age, gender, and height. Obesity can be measured through BMI (Body Mass Index) calculations that are based on a mortals height and weight. Obesity is the end resolution of a person t aking in more calories than they expend in a day. Even a small imbalance between energy excitant and output can lead to significant weight gain over time. Most weighty children demonstrate a slow but consistent weight gain over several years. Eating too much and moving around too little are the main causes of obesity.Most experts agree that reflection excessive amounts of goggle box is a significant risk factor associated with obesity. Research has demonstrated that almost half of children ages 8-16 years watch three to five hours of television daily. Extreme cases of obesity are generally contributed to in dynamic children, eating too many snacks with a high fat content. (Blasi, 2003) Possible Causes The simple answer to the problem of childhood obesity is more calories are taken in than are expended in a day, which when accumulates results in obesity.However there are a vicissitude of factors that affect and may contribute to obesity and the solution may be as complex. Increa sing physical activity to meet or exceed daily dietary intake is something that people can control and therefore consider an impact. This study will focus on the increase in physical activity for students and monitor their progress throughout the duration of the study. There is no longer a question about whether or not childhood obesity exists. It does. environmental conditions, such as television, video games, and computers can perk up an influence if children dont take part in other physical activities.Certainly, the increase in fast food diets and the intake of sugar has an impact on a childs weight, particularly if not balanced with other foods and activities. Soft drinks have become a mainstay in the daily diet of American children. A recent long-term research study examined soda consumption and its picture on childrens body weight. The study found that for each(prenominal) additional daily servicing of a sugar-sweetened soft drink, the incidence of obesity was significant ly increased.Researchers in like manner discovered that the odds of go obese increased 1. 6 times for each additional glass of sugar-sweetened soft drink consumed above the daily average. (Blasi, 2003) In 1998, The National Association for Sport and Physical Education issued guidelines stating that young children should strive for 60 minutes of physical activity each day to promote health and well-being. Clearly, this is a valuable goal for both children and adults, but may not be the only contributing factor for obesity.The factors that contributing to obesity are complex, and can include economic, friendly, cultural, behavioral, nutritional, psychological, and genetic factors. However, individual differences make it unclear the extent to which each of these factors contributes to obesity. An individuals genetic makeup combined with the environment in which the person lives may have an impact. Eating and activity patterns have been shown to be consistently related to obesity. T hese are also the two factors that we can most readily have an impact on. (Blasi, 2003)Most states require students to participate in some type of physical education program, the time spent in physical education declines with each subsequent grade. About one third (39. 7 percent) of elementary directs require physical education in kindergarten, one half (50 percent) of elementary educates require physical education in grades 1 through 5, one fourth (25 percent) in grade 8, and only 5 percent in grade 12. (Garbe & Hoote, 2004) This is in engagement with recommendations made by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).The AAP recommends that K-12 students have daily opportunities for physical education. The National Association of State Boards of Education (NASBE) backed this notion with the using of guidelines, stating that elementary school students should have at least 150 minutes per week of physical education and at least 225 minutes per week when they bring in middle/ juni or and senior high school. The School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS), conducted in 2000, found that only 8 percent of elementary schools, 6. 4 percent of middle/junior high schools, and 5. percent of senior high schools provide daily physical education for the entire school year for all grades. (Garbe & Hoote, 2004) two the school environment and the family environment must absorb the responsibility for childhood obesity. While the school cafeteria provides food choices, the physical education program determines the time allocated to physical activity, and the school curriculum controls opportunities to learn about the relationship between personal behaviors and health. Away from school, the family environment strongly influences child health.Chapter Two Literature Review harmonize to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 15 percent of young people in the United States are overweight, defined as a body weight at or above the 95th percentile on Body Mass Index-f or-age percentiles. An additional 15 percent of children (those above the 85th percentile) are strainified as being at risk of overweight. The health risks of obese children cannot be overstated. The risks in terms of physical health include hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and increased risk of obesity in adulthood.The cumulative effects of obesity dont stop there. Obesity also exerts a heavy psychological toll on children the likelihood of impaired quality of life for obese children is 5. 5 times greater than for healthy children. (Anderson & Butcher) Increasing childhood obesity is related to increasing adult obesity. Although the obese share of the population is expected to increase with age, obesity today is increasing with age more quickly than it did thirty years ago. (Anderson & Butcher, 2006)Although a public school cafeteria has not traditionally provided the healthiest of meals, the problems continue to grow with the introduction of fast foods, such as McDonalds, Taco Belle and Pizza Hut, to the lunch offerings. In addition, hundreds of under-funded school districts have negotiated displace rights contracts to sell brands of soda and allow young people easy access to vending machines during recess breaks. Soda consumption among adolescents has nearly tripled between 1977-78 and 1994. A 12-ounce serving of carbonated soda contains the equivalent of 10 teaspoons of sugar.Soda consumption has been shown to be an independent risk factor for obesity in children. In addition to sodas becoming readily available during school time, vending machines are present in a majority of schools. (Staveren & Dale, 2004) Currently, there are minimal opportunities for children to be physically active during school time. Recent budget cuts have resulted in cuts to physical education. Physical Education is necessary if children are going to maintain a healthy body weight and good health.Children should receive at least 60 minutes, and up to several hours, of ag e-appropriate exercise on all or most days of the week. some schools offer any structured physical activity outside of the physical education classes. (Staveren & Dale, 2004) Simply adding physical education opportunities may not be complete to make significant impact or reduction in childhood obesity. Children who are obese are not comfortable in the physical education class. Not only is it physically challenging, but embarrassing as well.Obese children may feel more vulnerable in the physical education class than they do anywhere else in the school. Due to the number of overweight and obese children, it is obvious that physical education programming needs to be restructured and adapted to type this population. An obese child is not going to benefit from being made to run laps that they are not physically capable of doing. Physical Education may have to take more of an individual approach with students, helping them to identify goals, and then designing a fitness plan to meet th ose goals.More wellness information should be incorporated into the curriculum, benefiting all children. The competitive nature of physical education needs to be re-evaluated in order to meet the needs of obese children. Focus should be place on health. Physical education instructors will also need to motivate children, and finding activities that they enjoy and then building on those may provide the motivation necessary. (Irwin, et. Al. , 2003) Physical educators are confronting a growing need for developmentally appropriate movement education among very young children.Children are more sedentary and more obese, on average than their counterparts 20 years ago, and they need to develop. movement skills and habits for healthy, active lifestyles. (Helm & Boos, 1996) Researchers at the University of California at San Diego tried to determine how excess weight affects obese children and their ability to perform normal activities. The study, surveyed 106 obese children (57 boys and 49 gi rls average BMI of 34. 7) between the ages of 5 and 18 years.They were asked questions such as whether they ever experienced problems due to participating in physical activities, bathing themselves, other kids not wanting to be their friends, or being unable to pay assist during class. The interview also asked how often they felt depressed or worried and whether they ever missed school because they did not feel well. The results of each interview were range on a scale of 100 and then compared to the published data on healthy children and children with cancer who were receiving chemotherapy or had chemotherapy recently.The average score for obese children (67) was drastically lower than healthy children (83) and even slightly less than children with cancer (69). The biggest difference in the scores between the obese children and the other two groups was related to their social functioning20 points lower than the healthy group and 9 points lower than the children with cancer. One ma jor reason obese children had lower scores in this world is because they get picked on and teased at school, while children with cancer usually receive sympathy.More often than not, the obese children had a physical or turned on(p) problem 65 percent had at least one medical condition, 37 percent had high cholesterol or a similar condition, 13 percent had either depression or anxiety, and 4 percent had diabetes. It may be due to these complications that obese children are on average absent from school four days a month, while healthier children miss on average less than a day a month. (JOPERD, 2003) A growing need in physical education is to help young people enjoy the rewards of exercise through participation.This need could be addressed by teaching students the health benefits derived from maintaining active lifestyles. Additionally, physical educators could emphasize the results of exercise which appeal to young people, such as improved physical appearance. For example, improve d physical appearance can be included in a discussion of body fat reduction. This exercise benefit should not be the only focus of the discussion, but could certainly be a part of it. (Douthitt & Harvey, 1995)

Vacant Chapter 15 Together

I take a deep breath, steadying myself for Emilys backlash at my revelation.One. Its the truth. Theres unaccompanied been one, barely that one isnt simple. I am non looking at her as I say this, so I squeeze my eyes close down tightly, hoping she doesnt hate me for what Im somewhat to tell her next.There was this girl, in high school, she was known to I trail off, hoping Emily gets the idea, but she just sits and stares at me. Shes going to make me dapple it out. She was known as the go-to girl for sex. I was sixteen, angry and very curious. Shes still watching me but begins to fidget. She would do pretty some(prenominal) whatever, and I took advantage of that. It was emotionless and a means to an end. She let me take my frustrations out on her, Emily. No matter how angry, depressed, or lonely I was, she let me fill the void with her in her. Her face scrunches, and I can see shes acquiring the idea. It wasnt just about love, or even lust, really. It was about me taking. Ther e was no giving. I demand to drive my headway home with revealing the true debauchery in which Id participated for two years, but I dont want Emily thinking I want her to do the depraved and experimental acts Id once divulged in. That was a different time and a different me, but there was still an insecurity, despite my experience, I couldnt shake. It was all about me, okay? I wasnt there to make her come.So, were you like I can see her trying to put all the pieces together. You said you were angry. Were you angrywith her?I pa function because I dont want to lie, but I dont want to tell the truth either. Yes.Did you accidental injury her?I take a moment so I can say this right. go against can mean many things, but I think Emily means physically, so thats the hurt I respond to. No. I never hurt her. It really was just sex, nothing else. I never hit her or forced her. She was always willing.She takes a deep breath and lets it out s number onely as she continues to play with the p lacemat. Did you like it?Its the question Ive been waiting for. Emily wants to know if I want it to be like that with her. When a boy has urges, theres little that will stop him from getting to the end. Its like how you fold clothes. How the shirt has to hang just right on the hanger, or the pants creased finishedly. You cant stop until everything is just right and youre satisfied. I cant believe Im study sex to laundry. But as a man, its not about how the clothes are folded or hung. Its about the clothes being clean and smelling skillful. Its about the process, not the end result. Jesus Christ, this sounds stupid.With you, Emily, I want to feel everything. I want it to be about you and me, us. Its not about the physical result at the end.Okay.Okay?Yeah, okay. I trust you, Ethan.No, to the left a little bit? Emily cant seem to find a comfortable position.Better?Uh, just give me a sec She winces again and I know this is painful. She tries to hide it, but I know.Yep, complete dis aster. I never shouldve agreed to this. Its uncomfortable for Emily, and there doesnt seem to be a way to make it better.Do you want to try on top? Im grasping at straws. I want this to be a good experience for her.Are you okay? I know she fought back tears when I finally did it. She told me to just do it and get it over with. Not my proudest moment. Its not what any guy wants to hear Just get it over with.Yeah. Her confirmation is so small.Emily, Im so sorry. I She interrupts me with her hand over my mouth.Please stop, Ethan. It wont always be like this. My mom her pause indicates that bringing up her mother is still hard for her. My mom told me about sex. She said it would hurt the first few times, but she also told me that if I was with the right person it would be okay. Im with the right man. You are right for me, Ethan. No one, and I do mean no one, has ever taken better care of me than you have, and, I know that you wanted this to be perfect, and it was. Please dont take th at from me. Emily pauses to kiss me before she finishes.My first time could have gone so many ways, but it didnt. It was with someone that loves me, and who I love.I cant help the sheepish smile that spreads across my lips. I decide Emily is so wise and mature and right. It was perfect because it was us.I really like the third one we looked at.I do, too, but the second one had a gym, remember?Emily and I sit at the dinner table looking over brochures. We spent the day looking for an apartment in a better neighborhood with more amenities and a much higher monthly payment.Im a little concerned about finances, but Emily assures me we will be all right. Shes getting her schooling paid for on a Pell Grant and working 25-30 hours a week, which is a big contribution. And mewell, Im the new Assistant Manager for Balls Grocer. That may not be a big deal for or so people, but to me its everything. Ive never had a neediness to be in charge of anyone or anything. I just wanted to take care of myself, lay low and live one day at a time.However, Margie just wouldnt let it go. She promoted me to cashier and kept on me. She was always in my ear talking about providing for my family. At first, I was defensive because I didnt have a family, but the more Margie talked, the more I realized she was right. Emily was my family, and maybe someday we could add to that. When the prospect came up last week for an assistant manager position, Margie was there telling me to get my ass in gear and apply. She coached me through the interview process and helped me compile a resume. I insisted that a cashier didnt need a resume, but she wouldnt let it go, and Im glad she didnt.So if we get the one with the gym, are you going to cause one of those gym rats? Always workin out and flexing their muscles for the chicas? While Emily wasnt one to get upset about me doing stuff without her, she still had a bit of a green-eyed streak. She says that girls used to leave me alone because I gave of f some vibe, but now that we were together, Emily insists that other women thought they now had a chance.If they only knew. My head hadnt sullen toward another woman since the day I met Emily and that wouldnt change in the foreseeable future.Well, I was just thinking Emily looked down, unsure of what she was about to say. I hated it when she did that. I reached for her hand, cupping it in mine to encourage her to go on.I know that the gym on site is a big plus, but its only a one-bedroom. The other one is a two-bedroom, and its close to that elementary school. She turned red, blushing furiously.Yeah, but what would we need a second bedroom for? I had to admit, while not necessary, it would be good for Emily to have her own area for studying.Well, it would be good as an officeand maybe someday, a bedroomI guess we could use a guest room, but we never have guests, Emily, so Im not sure what the benefit would really be.Yeah, I know, Im an idiot.Thats not what I meant but she didnt need to finish. As I flipped through the brochure, I saw a picture of a couple with a toddler. The tagline was promoting the family friendly atmosphere.Yeah, I think youre right. The two-bedroom is our best bet.

Ethical Dimensions of Preparing Two Financial Reports Essay

Ethical dimensions of financial accounting with respect to keeping of two sets of records, one for internal purposes lone(prenominal) and the new(prenominal) for internal tax incomeation purposes. monetary accounting, as stated by Garrison, is concerned with providing information those people outside an organization. This includes preparation of financial reports showing the companys past financial execution of instrument which will be the basis for additional investments for stockholders, capacity to pay off loans for creditors or banks, imposing correct government taxes as mandated by law, etc. monetary reports, therefore, should be done accurately and with utmost truthfulness to avoid misconstruction due to omission or misstatement as stated in the International alliance of Accountants Code of Ethics. However, there are some who do not conform to this Code. Some companies practice preparation of two sets of financial reports at the end of the monetary year, one for internal purpose and the other to be used and submitted for internal taxation purpose. Usually, if the company would like to attract additional investments from its stockholders, incomes are bloated.On the other hand, to avoid paying high taxes or even pay no taxes at all, financial statements are manipulated to reflect a lower or prejudicial net income, which will be the basis for the computation of the taxes to be paid by the company. Whether for stockholders or for taxation, I strongly condemn such practice. This does not only violate the Code of Ethics of IFAC, such practice, if done continually, could even be a start of the eventual downfall of any company due to exhalation of its credibility and integrity.Thus, there exist major financial scandals that lead to collapse of business giants like what happened to ENRON. Further, leaders of the company may suffer from huge penalties or even jail terms, if found guilty of violating the code. Sadly, our countrys system on taxation and how t he government use, or should I say, misuse collected taxes opens a lot of controversies and issues, which is being used by some companies to justify the practice of preparing a different financial report for taxation purpose.Corruption and issues on tax evasion by big companies are only a few examples why some companies validate this act. Corporate governance, as they say, should start first with the government, good behavior should be practiced first by our government leaders. This is the main campaign of incumbent President PNoy. The Code of Ethics on Integrity Rules states A instalment must not make, prepare, or certify, or permit or direct another person to make, prepare or certify, any statement which the member knows, believes or ought to

Milk †Cheese Essay

take out contains all the food, including protein, fat, sugar, and other nutrients, a young mammal requires for a long period of time. Milk comes from sheep, cows, and goats. Milk is good for us because we grow up healthy and have a strong body we have sharp teeth and have energy. Everybody needs take out, for example babies, toddlers, sick people, children, and elderly people. In various parts of the world, goats, reindeer, donkeys, yaks, water buffalo, and sheep are domesticated and take outed. In most countries, however, dairy cows provide take out.Milk and milk products are drunk and eaten in many forms, including buttermilk, cheese, yoghurt, and butter. Milk can be reduced to powder, concentrated in a thick liquid, and used in cooking. sportsmanlike milk licks quickly, but, when changed into forms such as cheeses, it can be kept for a long time. People consume milk in fresh, dried, and condensed forms. Fermented-milk products, such as buttermilk, sour cream, and yoghurt, are also available. Milk is used to make food products such as butter, cheese, and ice-cream.Under normal conditions, the milk of mammals is the only food necessary for the health and growth of that mammals young for certain period after birth. Cows milk can be substituted for human milk in feeding babies only if the proportions of water and sugar to other components are increased. Milk is composed largely of water cows milk, for example, is approximately 87 portion water by volume. The main nutrients, food elements are proteins, the principal proteins in milk are casein and albumin. They contain all the essential amino bitter for building tissues, blood and hormone substances.Casein is found only in milk and gives milk its whiteness. Carbohydrates, the fat of the milk is called butterfat, or milk fat, and is the part of milk from which butter is made. It is an important source of energy and rich in vitamin A. Minerals, milk are one of the best natural sources of calcium and phos phorus. Its other minerals include iron, copper, sodium, potassium, magnesium, sulphur and iodine. Vitamins, milk contains all the known vitamins, but only four-riboflavin, vitamin B2, thiamine, vitamin B1, niacin and vitamin A in significant amounts.Milk is an excellent source of riboflavin it contains only a little less than does an equal amount, by weight, of lean meat. Microorganisms that Disease-causing organisms present in the cow can be passed on to the milk. Contamination can occur when the milk is obtained, stored, or transported. Milk is pasteurized to kill and prevent growth of microorganisms. Milk products raw milk is natural, fluid milk. Pasteurized milk is milk that has been heated to 63 degrees.

Palazzo Art History Essay

Context Few windows overlook the inner courtyard (cortile) the colonnaded walls are decorated on all sides by deep niches and blind windows, and the intervening surfaces are spattered by spezzato (broken and blemished plaster) giving life and abstruseness to the surfaces. Function pleasure palace, or Villa SuburbanaDescription terms four exterior faades have flat pilasters against rusticated walls Intent pleasure palace, or Villa SuburbanaPalazzo del Te or Palazzo Te is a palace in the suburbs of Mantua, Italy. It is a fine example of the mannerist style of implikeitecture, the acknowledged masterpiece of Giulio Romano. The official bring up, and by far the most common name in Italian, is Palazzo Te, but this may be a relatively recent usage Vasari calls it the Palazzo del T (pronounced as Te), and English-speaking writers, especially art historians, report to call it the Palazzo del Te. In Italian this now suggests use for tea-drinking, which may account for the divergence in us age.HideDescriptionPalazzo del Te is a square building, constructed 1524-1534 for Federico II Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua. He decided in 1524 to build a pleasure palace, or Villa Suburbana. The site chosen was that of the familys stables at Isola del Te on the fringe of the marshes just international Mantuas city walls.The architect commissioned was Giulio Romano, a pupil of Raphael. The shell of the palazzo was erected within 18 months. It is basically a square house built round a cloistered courtyard. A formal garden complemented the house. This was enclosed by colonnaded outbuildings terminated by a semi-circular colonnade known as the Esedra. same the Villa Farnesina in Rome, the suburban location allowed for a mixing of both Palace and Villa architecture. The four exterior faades have flat pilasters against rusticated walls, the fenestration indicating that the piano nobile is on the ground take aback with a secondary floor above. The East faade differs from the other three by having Palladian motifs on its pilaster and an open loggia at its centre rather than an arch to the courtyard. The facades are not as symmetrical as they appear, and the spans between the columns are irregular. The centre of the North and South facades are pierced by two-storey arches without portico or pediment, just a covered way leading to the interior courtyard.Few windows overlook the inner courtyard (cortile) the colonnaded walls are decorated on all sides by deep niches and blind windows, and the intervening surfaces are spattered by spezzato (broken and blemished plaster) giving life and depth to the surfaces. Once the shell of the building was completed, for ten years a team of plasterers, carvers and fresco painters laboured, until barely a surface in any of the loggias or salons remained undecorated. Under Giulio Romanos direction, local decorative painters such as Benedetto Pagni and Rinaldo Mantovano worked extensively on the frescos. These frescoes remain today an d are the most remarkable feature of the Palazzo. The subjects range from Olympian banquets in the Sala di Psiche and stylised horses in the Sala dei Cavalli to the most uncommon of all giants and grotesques wreaking havoc, fury and ruin around the walls of the Sala dei Giganti.Mannerisms most famous fresco Giulio Romanos illusionism invents a dome overhead and dissolves the rooms architecture in the Fall of the Giants. These magnificent rooms, once furnished to complement the ducal court of the Gonzaga family, saw many of the most illustrious figures of their eon amused such as the Emperor Charles V, who, when visiting in 1530, elevated his host Federico II of Gonzaga from Marquess to Duke of Mantua.One of the most evocative parts of the lost era of the palazzo is the Casino della Grotta, a small suite of intimate rooms arranged around a grotto and loggetta (covered balcony) where courtiers once bathed in the small cascade that scatter over the pebbles and shells encrusted in the floor and walls.In 1630 Mantua and the palace were sacked by invading forces, the remaining population fell victim to one of the scald plagues in history. The Palazzo was looted from top to bottom and remained an empty shell nymphs, god, goddesses and giants remain on the walls of the empty echoing rooms.Part of the Palazzo today houses the Museo Civico del Palazzo Te, endowed by the publishing company Arnoldo Mondadori. It contains a collection of Mesopotamian art.

Is Patriarchy the Main Cause of Gender Inequality?

This view is held by Radical feminists, they believe that patriarchy is gild is the reason that wo workforce atomic number 18 oppressed and put-upon by men, and Marxists for example hold the view that the capitalist system is the reason for the sex activity dissimilarity. Feminists believe that women are incommensurate to men, and as a result society benefits men whilst exploiting men. Feminist investigate the effects that this in comparability has on womens power, status, roles and life chances.They believe that gender inequality is socially constructed an example is gender roles these are taught to children at very young ages and encourage these gender inequalities to become part of societys norms. The different typewrite of feminists believe different reasons for gender inequality, there are liberal, radical Marxist and postmodern feminists, radical are arguably the most extreme and controversial feminist group. Radical feminist believe patriarchy has been socialised into s ociety making it accepted, this results in the unequal gender inequality for women.People in society are taught priapic patriarchy through education, male dominance is enforced and a masculine view of the world is presented to children, this is shown through the gendered subjects and the teacher treatment of male and female students. They entreat that male dominance has become accepted in society so much so that this leads to violence towards women being accepted in the home and on the streets. Radical feminists believe that men exploit and oppress women. They believe that the family plays a signifi goatt role in aiding this oppression, as women can be exploited by their male partners through abuse and the additional work they do.However, Marxist criticise radicals for generalising womens experiences, womens experiences vary greatly depending on their class, ethnicity and household type. If a women was from a middle class background she is more than likely to pay off in the fam ily, as its accepted that only the man works, bringing greater equality than if they both worked. Radical feminist are critics by liberals for failing to acknowledge any change to gender becoming more equal, for example car redress since 2012 is now the same amount for both men and women, Radicals are often critiqued for having an over-the-hill look on gender inequality.Marxist feminists fundamentally believe unlike Radicals that womens oppression is potently linked to the capitalist system. They believe that women are exploited mainly at home and in the workforce, in the home they reproduce the undermenti peerlessd generation of workers whilst ensuring the stability of the current generation. This is illustrated through Ansleys study, which concluded that women are disadvantaged as they absorb the frustration and anger from husbands who are in turn exploited at work. The Patriarchy ideology present in society enables women to accept the inequality thats present.Marxist acknowle dge that there has been a shift in the male aspect of domestic and child care, just its women who still have to do the majority and are therefore the most disadvantaged. Women are more disadvantaged than men as they form the reserve fag army this means they work at cheaper rates and can be hired and fired much more freely than men, this also leads to women being more likely to partake in part time and shorter hour jobs, this encourages the dependency that women have upon men.However the reserve army of labour fails to acknowledge the gendered nature of jobs, it doesnt explain why women are the reserve army. Radical feminist argue that Marxist feminists pay too little circumspection to patriarchy, the main cause of womens oppression instead focus greatly on the capitalist system which could be seen as completely irrelevant ion price of womens inequality. Black feminists highlight that they ignore ethnic minority groups, and like Radicals categorise womens experiences into a comm on group.Postmodern feminists hold the view that there are a wide range of masculinities and felinities to pick and choose from in todays society, therefore allowing women to choose the lifestyle they lead, this suggest that women dont suffer they only chose to be unequal if they desire. This also suggests that patriarchal views arent necessarily held anymore, and if they are they have subsequently less impact as people can have more choice in society. They also believe that womens oppression cant be summed up into one common ground, all circumstance is greatly different.And they acknowledge that there are fundamental differences amongst women which will inevitably affect the choices they make. They believe that other forms of feminism are outdated and in some cases have a controvert effect as they are making women unhappy with their lifestyles, instead of correcting the problems present in society they recover that feminists oddly Radicals unspoilt highlight the problems. The y hold the same opinions as Hakim in regards to feminism having a negative rather than positive effect on women.Hakim however believes that feminism has created myths slightly womens life, and argues like Postmodern feminism that feminism its having a negative effect on women, she believes that patriarchy isnt the reason for gender inequality and in actual fact gender inequality is less prominent than feminist make it out to be. Hakim accuses feminist of inventing their own myths about womens work attitudes and behaviour. She found there were five main myths about feminism. Some examples are women employment has been rising, and childcare is the main barrier preventing women competing fully with men, these myths intelligibly contradict feminist views.She also found that men and women do have different work orientation, and that it shouldnt necessarily be seen as a negative thing, they just happen to be different. She also believed another myth was that the gender turnover was diff erent, she believes that men and women get paid the same regardless of sex, Marxist would strongly disagree as the women are only the reserve army of labour so therefore dont earn as much as the breadwinning males. Half of two thirds of women hold traditional gender views, suggesting that overall womens attitudes to work are weaker than mens.However Ginn argues Hakims claims are oversimplified, and there are considerable gaps between groups. Womens attitudes fluctuate and change over time and so the divisions cant be fixed. Ginn also argues that Hakim also has no convincing explanation, she has just stated the problems not why they occur. Other reasons for womens attitudes could be shaped by the wider social context this could be influenced by the patriarchal system. Hakim suggests that womens attitudes are changing but much slower than feminists think. Delamount also found weakness in Hakims argument, as she based her evidence on only one large scale survey.This presents numerous f laws as it wasnt over a long period time span and the methods themselves could be incorrect, so the findings were very improbable to represent the population as a whole. In conclusion, radical feminist believe patriarchy is the main reason for gender inequality. Marxist feminist however see the capitalist system as the reason for gender inequality. Hakim strongly disagrees that patriarchy is the reason for gender inequality and instead argues that childcare prevents women competing with men, particularly in the workplace.

Legal Studies Essay International Crime

International Crime -Crimes against Humanity Using the case study of Srebrenica, evaluate the potency of international and domestic help legal systems in necessitateing with crimes against the international community International laws and mechanisms to deal with international crime are vast in number. They aid in promoting gross moral and ethical standards to be administered worldwide. courts such as the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal cost (ICC) have tryd a mechanism to deal with international crime.Collaborations of member countries allow these tourist courts to implement certain justice, but the limitations and in say-so is highlighted when breaches of their administration occur leading to miscarriage of justice for victims, offenders and society. The International Criminal Court The International Criminal Court has been a legal mechanism which deals with international crime and which has had varying strongness. The I CC is the worlds first permanent international nefarious flirt and 111 countries have ratified its Rome Statute.The media article Effectiveness of ICC without US Support, Radio Netherlands, 18 June 2009, argues that, even though major powers like India, china and Russia are still not party to the Rome Statue of 2002, the Court has at least managed to put an end to those who may have otherwise escaped penalty from crimes against humanity. Steven Freelands article Eradicating Evil is on Trial, The Australian, 2008, highlights the fact that without the ICC and other international tribunals, many thousands of victims and their families would receive no justice at all.However the ICC has limited effectiveness due to its limited ability to en military force international law. One aspect that hinders the effectiveness is the fact that the ICC and other international tribunals have no police force and are reliant on states to arrest indicted victims and bring them before the appropriate court. Without the political will to cooperate in this process the courts effectiveness is limited.The arrest warrants issued by the ICC against President Omar al-Bashir of Sudan for genocide attached in Darfur, and Bashirs ongoing contempt for them, are an example of the limitations of international courts in failing to provide justice. Al Bashirs warrant is the first issued against a sitting head of state, however states lack the necessary will to ensure he is brought to the court. The ineffectiveness is also evident as the courts warrant lacks enforceability.Further, the Court has only convicted one person during its ten historic period of operations, Thomas Lubanga, who was jailed for 14 years for recruiting child soldiers, as per the article Congolese Warlord Sentenced for 14 Years News Africa, 10 July 2012. The fact that the Court has arrested only six people and convicted one illustrates the struggles the court faces in delivering justice. The International Criminal Tribun al for former Yugoslavia (ICTY) International courts are often criticised for being ineffective due to their lack of enforcement.However, the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia reflects an increase in effectiveness. The ICTY is effective as it delivers justice when there is non-compliance of international law. As reported in the Sydney Morning presage on 20 July 2011, the know remaining fugitive, Goran Hadzic, was arrested by the war crimes tribunal, however it took 18 years to send him to trial. According to the ICTYs website accessed February 2012, the Tribunal has indicted 161 persons for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia.Of this number, 64 have been sentenced, 13 referred to other jurisdictions and 35 proceedings are ongoing. An example of a sentence which provided justice was when Milan Lukic authentic life imprisonment. The ICTY is effective as it is effective in delivering justice to offende rs, though this has taken years to achieve and is ongoing. Domestic legal systems have been intermittently effective in transaction with crimes against the international community. According to the Sydney Morning Herald, September 2011, the Australian government extradited the charge war criminal Dragan Vasiljkovic to the Tribunal, despite his efforts to block deportation.However, the Sydney Morning Herald article See No Evil is Australias Way on War Crimes, October 2011, contrasts the poor performance on the David Hicks affair and argues that Australia has an inconsistent approach to dealing with international crime. Further, the ruling of the Dutch Court in July 2011 that the Netherlands was responsible for the deaths at Srebrenica is a bound decision that countries contributing to peacekeeping can be held accountable for their actions. Therefore domestic legal systems can be effective in dealing with international crime.The ICTY is effective as it has delivered judgments which promote justice for individuals and society. A landmark ruling of the court was when it ruled mass rape in the time of war a crime against humanity, the first time a court had make such a ruling. As reported in The Guardian newspaper on 23 February 2001, this ruling gave hope to thousands of women abused in times of war. The Court is effective has it reflects moral and ethical standards. The ICTY is effective as it is promotes access to justice for individuals.The Court has a victims and witness section which provides meals and accommodation to witnesses. It also has a supplanting department and its own legal aid system. Many accused cannot afford legal counsel to gain a fair trial and, according to the ICTY website accessed February 2012, heavy aid accounts for 11% of the tribunals budget. Whilst these funds have promoted justice for individuals and victims, a factor which weakens the Tribunals effectiveness is that of resource efficiency as the court cost nearly $301 million to operate in the 2011-12 year.Conclusion The ICC and the ICTY are examples of mechanisms which protect the rights of individuals. International Courts however rely on the cooperation of nation states to ensure accused are brought to justice. Limitations such as government sovereignty and a lack of enforceability means that after the war crime, justice may not be achieved in a timely manner (such as in the Srebrenica case). The ICC and the ICTY are therefore mechanisms which vary in their effectiveness in providing justice.

Evaluating Truth And Validity Exercise Essay

The tilt a mature person is self-directing, so p arnts who be all their shaverrens for them are doing their offspring a disservice has allot of stiffness to it, and in more ways than one is true. A child whose parents or guardians convey all of his or her decisions for them, are in a way hindering the child because the child does non have the opportunity to think for himself. When that child grows up and needs to be able to make important decisions such as what college to go to, who to marry, or what kind of job to apply for, that child will more likely than non, not know how to properly decide based on the information or facts provided to him or her. For instance if a child grows up and is faced with what college to go to and that child has never had to make any important decision for himself, that child may end up in a college spill after a breaker point program that is not truly what he or she wants to do with their conduct based on what his or her parent tell them they should go into.That child has then wasted quaternary to five years of his or her life and has to start all over searching for the proper degree or job where he or she can thrive financially and be happy. There is a minute percent of children who will be able to overcome the mentality of not having to think on his or her own and be able to make the important decisions that need to be do, barely at what price? How many times will that child have to make the wrong choice and fend for because they were not allowed to think on their own? The constant failure and rejection could possibly make matters worse for the child, and could occupy to relinquishing all hope.The argument the countersign cant be relevant to todays problems it was written many centuries ago and is filled with archaic phrasing is another argument with some validity and non-validity. There are great deal who claim since the Bible was written over 2,000 years ago that it does not apply to todays standards, and ther e are people who say the teachings in the Bibleare pithpiritedt for all people to follow as a general guideline. The argument can go any way, but if you look at what the Bible really is, it is a book with stories, such as a history book, about people who lived 2,000 plus years ago and the things they went through. If you were to say because it was written back a long time ago it does not apply to todays standards, would be the same thing as saying because our history books teach about Abraham Lincoln and when he lived in the 1700s, that those stories are irrelevant. The Bible is a book for Christian based people to read, and is intended as a guideline for these people on how to properly live their life.There are many stories in the Bible that may or may not apply to todays standards, such as the Old Testament teachings, but that is not to say the entire Bible is not relevant to todays problems. The Bible teaches not to kill and steal, and if 90 percent of people who are in priso n followed these two teachings, they would not be in prison today. The other stories about the people who lived in the Bible days are evoke to some, and not to others, as are most history books ever written about the history of the world. Does this mean we need to stop teaching our children about the history of the world because the teachings in the history books occurred over tierce centuries ago? I think it just because the Bible represents a faith based book, and that is why it is so ridiculed.The argument its ridiculous to think that there will be fewer deaths if we ban handguns. Handguns forefathert kill people people kill people has no validity to it in that an existent handgun itself cannot do anything on its own, it is an inanimate object. A handgun or any other slip of gun requires a person to physically pick it up, point, and shoot in order to make it hightail it a handgun cannot just fire on its own. When people say that handguns kill people, it is the same as sayin g that a spoon made another person fat, or a car made another person steal it. These are objects that must have an operator or some multifariousness of life force to operate these inanimate objects.Did handguns assist in the killing of a person is a more proper question to ask. If a person wants another person dead and there is not a handgun around, that person will be creative and come up with another means to kill that person. Take John Wayne Gacy for instance, he did not need the use of a handgun to slay hundreds of young boys, he used rope and scarfsto strangle his victims. There are people who claim without handguns authentic crimes would not take place, and that may be possible, but if the person wanting to perform the crime was grim on doing it and did not have a gun, that person would use alternative measures to finish the crime.

High School Drop Out

Rates Are Increasing Many unripened adults suck in eminent give instruction as a new territory with more advanced classes, more students, tho other students only view the negative side of lofty school , rather than the peremptory. What most young adults do not understand is that when they choose to dropout of their high school, it is only stealing valuable knowledge from them. It is unambiguous that the high school drop out rate is increasing rapidly. Why might the rate of high school students be increasing, and why do students make such a dramatic change on their life?Also read Should Boarding Schools Be AbolishedSome of this may result from the lack of parental guidance, determent in our high schools, or teen pregnancy? First of all, parental guidance can be the most important element in a students education. Students who lack parental guidance have a greater chance of tossing his or her education away compared to those students who receive the help, accommodate and pos itive guidance from their parents. Many high school students who lack a positive parental guidance to support his or her education, causing the rate of high school dropouts to increase.Not having a parental guidance causes student, to not get to an education important and seriously, because they see their parents not showing any interest in their schooling as well. Parents can take action in their childs education by keeping caterpillar tread of their grades, attending parent teacher conferences, or functionicipating in more school activities. When students have parents who take part in their childs education that child is more likely to graduate from his or her high school. Another reason our high school dropout rates are increasing rapidly, is do to the fact of school bullying.School bullying is a type of bullying that occurs in connection with education, either inside or immaterial of the school. Bullying can be verbal, physical, or emotional and is usually repeated over a stoppage of time. Bullying causes students to have a low self-esteem about themselves and may feel as if no one cares about them. School bullying can also occur in any part of a school building including, on buses, classrooms, even in sports. School bullying has become to be a serious problem in our schools system. The number one effect that bullying has on high school students, is students dropping out. Last,

Communication Cost Essay

In some cases, the commercial approach of data infection may be to a greater extent important the time cost. Commercial organisations often prefer to transmit data over low contentedness lines which they own as opposed to using public, high capacity lines that have usage charges. The routing algorithms do not have to use just sensation metric to determine the optimum route rather it is practicable to choose the optimum route based on multiple metrics. In order for the optimum track to be chosen by the routers between the data semen and the data end, the routers must communicate reading active the relevant metrics with other routers.This nature of this communication process is also defined by the routing algorithm and the transmission time is connected to the time striked for the routers to have the necessary information about the states of the surrounding routers. The time awaitd for all the routers to agree on the state of the network, the network topology, is known as the convergence time and when all routers are aware of the network topology, the network is said to have converged. both(prenominal) of the common routing algorithm parts crowd out indeed affect the convergence of the network.Some of the different algorithms characteristics that must be chosen when designing are static or dynamic routing, single path or multi-path routing and radio link state or distance vector routing. Static Routing. Static routing is done by use of a static list of attributes describing the network topology at the initiation of the network. This list, called a routing tabularize, is used by the routers to break up the optimum routes for each type of data transmission and can only be changed manually. Therefore, if anything changes in the network, much(prenominal) as a cable breaking or a router crashing, the viability of the network is likely to be compromised.The return is that there is no communication required between routers, thus the network is alwa ys converged. Dynamic Routing. In contrast to static routing, dynamic routing continually updates the routing tables according to changes that might occur in the network topology. This type of real time information processing allows the network to adjust to variations in data traffic and parting reliability, but does require communication between the routers and thus there is a convergence time cost associated with this solution.Single Path vs Multi-path Routing. Single path and muli-path routing are accurate descriptive terms regarding the use of all a single line to launch multiple piece of grounds of data from a given source to a given destination as opposed to using multiple paths to send all the data packets from the source to the destination. Multiple path algorithms achieve a much higher transmission rate because of a more efficient utilization of available resources. Link State vs Dynamic Routing Protocols.Link-state algorithms are dynamic routing algorithms which requir e routers to send routing table information to all the routers in the network, but only that information which describes its own operational state. Distance-vector algorithms, however, require each router to send the whole of its router table, but only to the neighbouring routers. Because the link-state algorithms require small amounts of information to be move to a large number of routers and the distance vector algorithm requires large amounts of information sent to a small number of routers, the link state algorithm will converge fast-breaking.However, link state algorithms require more system resources (CPU time and memory). There is a new type of algorithm developed by CISCO which is a crossbreed of the link-state algorithm and the distance vector algorithm 8.. This proprietary algorithm converges faster than the typical distance-vector algorithm but provides more information to the routers than the typical link-state algorithm. This is because the routers are allowed to act ively query one another to obtain the necessary information missing from the partial tables communicated by the link-state algorithms.At the same time, this hybrid algorithm avoids communication of any superfluous information exhibited in the router communications of the full tables associated with distance-vector algorithm. Switching. The distance vector, link state or hybrid algorithms all have the same purpose, to insure that all of the routers have an updated table that gives information on all the data transmission paths to a specific destination. Each of these protocols requires that when data is genic from a source to a destination, the routers have the ability to switch the speak to on the data transmission.When a router receives a data packet from a source with the destination address, it examines the address of the destination. If the router has a path to that destination in the routing table, then the router determines the address of the next router the data packet will hop to and changes the physical address of packet to that of the next hop, and then transmits the packet. This process of physical address change is called chemise. It will be repeated at each hop until the packet reaches the final destination.Although the physical address for the forwarding transmission of the data packet changes as the packet moves across the Internet, the final destination address remains associated with the packet and is a constant. The internet is divided up into hierarchical groups that are useful in the description of the switching process. At the bottom of this hierarchy are network devices without the capability to switch and forward packets between sub-networks, where an AS is a sub-network.These network devices are called end systems (ESs), because if a packet is transmitted there, it cannot be forwarded and has come to the end. At the top of the hierarchy are the network devices that can switch physical addresses are called intermediate systems (ISs). An IS which can only forward packets at bottom a sub-network are referred to as intra-domain ISs while those which communicate either within or between sub-networks are called intra-domain ISs.

Adam Air Case

MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION subject field Transportation Safety Committee Gedung Karya Lt. 7 Departemen Perhubungan Jl. Medan Merdeka Barat zero(prenominal) 8 JKT 10110 INDONESIA Phone (6221) 3517606, (6221) 3811308 Ext. 1497 TOKA 19811 Fax (6221) 3847601 Website www. dephub. go. id/knkt Email emailprotected go. id PUBLIC RELEASE OF FINAL REPORT PK-KKW FL DHI 574 Today the National Transportation Safety Committee is releasing its final report into the accident involving AdamAir PK-KKW Flight DHI 574 on 1 January 2007.We ext destination our prayers and condolences to the families of the passengers and crew. The NTSC has reviewed the comments on the draft final report from the related parties in accordance with ICAO Annex 13. instantaneously I am able to report to you that as of today, strong and appropriate safety action had been taken during the course of the investigating by the DGCA and AdamAir and Angkasa Pura I, on eight of the eleven recommendations in the report. The last three recommendations argon only being issued today.The Boeing 737, registered PK-KKW, departed from Djuanda Airport, Surabaya at 0559 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) under the pecker line of achievement rules (IFR), with an estimated time of arrival (ETA) at Sam Ratulangi Airport, Manado of 0814. There were 102 people on board two pilots, 4 cabin crew, and 96 passengers comprised of 85 adults, 7 children and 4 infants. The aircraft disappe bed from radar while cruising at 35,000 feet. side by side(p) an extensive land, air, and sea bet, wreckage was found in the water and on the shore along the coast full Pare-Pare, Sulawesi 9 days after the aircraft disappeared.Locator beacon signals from the flight recorders were heard on 21 January 2007 and their positions enterged. The search was suspended when it was determined that the wreckage was located in the ocean at a depth of about 2,000 meters, requiring specialized recovery equipment not available in the Region. The sa lvage operation to recover the flight recorders commenced on 24 August 2007 and the Digital Flight Data Recorder and Cockpit Voice Recorder were recovered on 27 and 28 August 2007 respectively.The CVR revealed that both pilots were concerned about navigation problems and subsequently became engrossed with trouble stroke inertial Reference dodge (IRS) anomalies for at least the last 13 minutes of the flight, with minimal pick up to other flight needments. This included identification and attempts at corrective actions. The DFDR analysis showed that the aircraft was in cruise at FL 350 with the autopilot engaged. The autopilot was holding 5 degrees left aileron wheel in order to maintain wings-level.following the crews selection of the number-2 (right) IRS Mode Selector Unit to ATT (Attitude) mode, the autopilot disengaged. The control wheel (aileron) whence centered and the aircraft began a slow roll to the right. The aural alert, BANK ANGLE, sounded as the aircraft passed 35 de grees right bank. The DFDR selective information showed that even after the aircraft had reached a bank angle of 100 degrees, with the pitch attitude approaching 60 degrees aircraft nose down, the pilot did not roll the aircraft wings level before attempting pitch recovery in accordance with standard procedures. The aircraft reached 3. g, as the pep pill reached Mach 0. 926 during sustained noseup elevator control input while tranquillize in a right bank. The recorded airspeed exceeded Vdive (400 kcas), and reached a maximum of approximately 490 kcas just prior to the end of recording. Flight recorder data indicated that a significant structural failure occurred when the aircraft was at a speed of Mach 0. 926 and the flight load suddenly and rapidly reversed from 3. 5g to negative 2. 8 g. This g force and airspeed are beyond the design limitations of the aircraft. The aircraft was in a critically uncontrollable state at that time.There was no evidence that the pilots were appropri ately controlling the aircraft, even after the BANK ANGLE alert sounded as the aircrafts roll exceeded 35 degrees right bank. This accident resulted from a combination of factors including the failure of the pilots to adequately monitor the flight instruments, particularly during the final 2 minutes of the flight. Preoccupation with a malfunction of the Inertial Reference System (IRS) diverted both pilots attention from the flight instruments and allowed the increasing descent and bank angle to go unnoticed.The pilots did not detect and appropriately arrest the descent soon enough to prevent loss of control. Technical log (pilot reports) and maintenance records showed that between October and December 2006, there were 154 recurring defects, directly and indirectly related to the aircrafts Inertial Reference System (IRS), mostly the left (number-1) system. There was no evidence that AdamAir included component dependableness in their Reliability Control Program (RCP) to ensure the ef fectiveness of the airworthiness of the aircraft components for the fleet at the time of the accident.During the investigation the NTSC issued a number of recommendations to the Directorate General Civil Aviation (DGCA) and AdamAir relating to IRS maintenance and training of flight crews in IRS and aircraft upset recovery. I am pleased to announce the following strong positive safety actions. AdamAir well-advised the NTSC and DGCA that it has taken safety action to address the IRS defect troubleshooting procedures and maintenance oversight supervision.It issued Engineering Orders with instructions and procedures for the rating and rectification of repetitive IRS problems, and from November 2007 has had extensive liaison with the IRU manufacturer. The safety action taken to date by AdamAir includes anchor school and aircraft simulator training for pilots to ensure proficiency in upset recovery from 14 January 2008. The DGCA advised the NTSC that on 23 November 2007 it issued a Sa fety Circular, to all airline operators, requiring specific action to address deficiencies noted by the NTSC, in particular the IRS maintenance and pilot training deficiencies.The DGCA requires operators to conduct continuing analysis and surveillance of repetitive defects and ensure immediate follow up corrective action. The DGCA has also informed operators that it is actively monitoring aircraft defects, in particular repetitive defects, and when the on-condition basis of maintenance is deemed to be insufficient to eliminate repetitive defects, DGCA will require component replacement on a hard-time basis.On 10 March 2008, the DGCA informed the NTSC that in improver to requiring upset recovery training from 8 January 2008, the DGCA requires operators to include spatial disorientation and its effects in their program of initial and recurrency training. The DGCA plans to ensure, through routine flying operations inspections, that operators and flying schools are complying with this requirement. The report will be available on the NTSC web site after the media conference http//www. dephub. go. id/knkt/ntsc_aviation/aaic. htm JAKARTA, 25 MARCH 2008

Bowlby’s attachment theory Essay

This essay allow for describe and evaluate Bowlbys possibility of chemical tie up and maternalistic wishing hypothesis. The essay will describe the two theories, weighing up the strengths and the weaknesses. It will include supporting research by Shaffer and Emerson, Ainsworth and Harlow, a persistent with criticisms by Rutter. John Bowlby (1907-1990) was a tiddler psychiatrist. He was psychoanalytically and medically trained. In 1945, aft(prenominal) re flexing from serving in the armed forces medical service, he unafraidd a position as head of the Childrens Department at the Tavistock Clinic, capital of the United Kingdom. Believing strongly that the quality of a parent-child relationship has a profound effect on cultureal and mental health, he promptly renamed it the surgical incision for Children and Parents. While witnessing the di show shown by children separated from their parents or autochthonic care-givers, especially if the periods were prolonged, unfamiliar or i n the care of outlanders, his ideas surrounding attachment theory evolved. To make sense of the extreme upset and distress displayed by the young children, Bowby pieced together a range of extraordinary thoughts and ideas from some different sciences. (Howe,D (2011) pg 7-8 )Influenced by ethological theory, Lorenz (1935) and his depicted object of regulate showed attachment was nescient in young ducklings this had a huge influence on Bowlby. He believed that attachment behaviours were instinctive and would be activated by any conditions that threatened the child be near his nonplus or primary care giver and would cause the child insecurity and disquietude. He too postulated that strangers released an imprinted fear in a child and that survival mechanisms were in built via nature and that babies were born with social releasers. These innate behaviours displayed by the child help ensure proximity and contact with their mother figure, for example crying, smiling, crawling, wh ich in turn stimulate care giving. Bowlby believed that an early bond was a framework for ulterior adult relationships, friendships and parenthood. (Holmes 2011 Pg 62) Attachment is a term which refers to the quality of an individuals attachment these butt be divided into secure and insecure. To sapidity secure and safe is to feel attached. To feel insecurely attached can manifest itself into a categorisation of feelings towards the attachment figure dependence and intense love, irritability and fear of rejection.Bowlby suggested that a child forms an initial bond with only one person, this iscalled monotropy, and that this care giver acts as a secure solution for the child, this attachment is a prototype for all future relationships and disruption of this can cause serious negative consequences in later life. The theory behind monotrophy later led onto Bowlbys formulation of his maternal de destitution hypothesis. Believing that the mother was the iodin most important figure in a Childs depression two years, this being a lively period and any disruption could cause irrepar adequate long term consequences (McLeod 2009). The development of the attachment theory was based around four distinguishing characteristics , these were proximity maintenance, whereby amidst birth and 6 weeks babies were born pre programmed, safe micturaten, hexad weeks to eight months secure base and insularism distress. (Malim 1998)Although Bowlby was indeed the integrating force behind attachment theory, bloody shame Ainsworth, with her grounding in developmental psychology, helped develop and extend Bowlbys ideas. As founders of the attachment theory they hold a productive relationship for many years. Mary Ainsworth (1982) carried out a playing field called strange federal mount upncy as a result she identified triad types of attachment, secure, avoidant and resistant. Based on a similar study she carried out in Uganda where infants were used to being with their mother s and if the mothers left the room the babies would typically cry uncontrollably, in tell American babies were used to their mothers entering and leaving the room more frequently. Ainsworth wanted to test the secure base and decided to set up a strange Situation where she could observe babies reacting to their mothers absence in a stressful environment. In a room filled with engaging toys she observed the infants as they explored the new surroundings while their mother was in the room, she then introduced a stranger to increase the stress levels. The infant was then left in the room with the stranger and the behaviour at separation and reunion was observed. (Mooney.C (2010)The results of the study showed that 70% of the infants demonstrated a secure attachment, whereby they trust the mother and were happy playing by the stranger simply displayed caution. The child would cry when the mother left the room but was easily pacified on her return. 15% of the children were classed as a voidant, they did not appear to be affected by the stranger and treated the stranger the same as its mother. The remaining 155 were resistant, they did not use the mother as a secure base and became very difficult comfort, clingy and would not except the stranger. (Malim 1998) Dollard and Miller (1950) suggested that attachment was due to drive reduction. This is draw at hunger and cold having a driving force in a child quest to satisfy its need to be warm and to eat. These discomforts are referred to as primary drives with food and warmth being the primary re-enforcers. The attachment only happens because the child wants the person supplying the food and warmth. This theory is referred to as water closet love because of the emphasis it has on food and feeding.However, Schaffer and Emerson (1964) found than fewer than fractional of the infants they studied had a primary attachment to the person who fed, clothed and bathed them. They carried out a longitudinal study which involved observing 60 babies, at monthly intervals, for the first 18months of their lives. While in their own homes, the children were observed interacting with their carers. If the baby showed separation foreboding after a carer left the room this was evidence for the development of an attachment. They observed that up to 3 months of age a indiscriminate attachment was formed, this is where the baby is predisposed to attach to any human. After 4 months they form a preference to certain people by learning to distinguish primary and secondary caregivers but except care for anyone. After 7 months they form a special preference for a unmarried attachment figure by looking to certain people for their security, protection and comfort. They show fear of strangers and regret when separated from that one special person. After 9 months the baby has formed multiple attachments and becomes increasingly independent, forming many attachments. They concluded that the study indicated attachments were formed with the people who responded to the babys signals, not the person they spent the mass of their time with. McLeod,S.A. (2009Harrow and Harlow (1962) also carried out a study that disproved the theory that attachment was based on food. They carried out an experiment on infant monkeys. They placed them in a cage with two wire mesh cylinders. One was bare with just a bottle of milk with a teat, to signify a lactating mother, and the other was wrapped in towelling to supply comfort. If the supply of food was all that was mandatory to form an attachment then you would think that the monkeys would have spent the majority of the time with the milk. In real fact the opposite proved to be true. The monkeys used the cylinder as their secure base for which to explore, a characteristic of attachment behaviour. This experiment proved that food alone was not sufficient in the governance of attachments. (Cardwell et al pg 117) Bowlbys second theory was that of maternal deprivation. Whe n an attachment is broken either temporarily, through hospitalisation, or permanently, through death, it is referred to as deprivation. Sadly, there have also been oddballs where children have been so badly treated, whitethornbe unplowed totally isolated, that they have never formed an attachment at all. This is called privation.However, Bowlby failed to differentiate between the two in his maternal deprivation hypothesis. Further studies have suggested that deprivation and privation are quite distinct and that the long term effects of privation are for more severe than the long term consequences of deprivation. Also, that children are off the beaten track(predicate) more resilient to early separation than Bowlby originally suggested and he later changed his views. Believing that the relationship between an infant and his mother was crucial to socialisation, especially in the first five years of the childs life, and that any disruption could lead to wound up difficulties and anti -social behaviour he studies 44 adolescent juvenile delinquents in a child guidance clinic. The aim of the study was to see if the long-term effects of maternal deprivation caused delinquency in the children. He interviewed the 44 boys who had been sent to the clinic for stealing he then selected another 44 children who had been sent to the clinic for emotional problems and not for committing any crimes. He also interviewed the parents of the children to try and discover if a separation had occurred during the critical period and for how long. He discovered that more than half had been separated from their mothers for longer than six months in the first five years. In the second group only two had been separated.He also discovered that 32% of the thieves showed affectionless psychopathy, meaning they were unable to feel or show affection for others. This was not apparent at all in the second group. Bowlby concluded that the anti social behaviours and emotional problems displayed by the thieves were due to maternal deprivation. However, as the evidence that Bowlby based his findings from were in the form of clinical interviews and the parents were being asked questions retrospectively the evidence may not have been totally accurate. As he also designed and carried out the study himself it could also have been bias, especially as he was responsible for the diagnosis affectionless psychopathy (.McLeod. S) Goldfarb (1947) carried out a study of a Romanian orphanage the research involved two groups of children. Group one spend the first few months in the orphanage before they were then fostered. Group two were at the orphanage for three years prior to being fostered therefore they had little opportunity of forming attachments in early life. Both groups were well-tried at the age of 12 and the children who had spend the longest at the orphanage were the least social, more credibly to be aggressive and performed less well on the IQ tests.This study highlighted that early deprivation can be overcome and they are not so reversible and permanent as Bowlby had assumed. Michael Rutter (1972) suggested that Bowlby over simplified the concept of maternal deprivation. He used the term to refer to a separation from an attached figure, way out of an attachment and failure to develop an attachment. Rutter argued that they each had a different effect, particular(prenominal)ly in the case of privation and deprivation. Rutter believed that if a child did not develop an attachment that this was privation, whereas deprivation refers to the attachment being lost or damaged. In the case of Bowlbys 44 thieves, Rutter proposed that privation had occurred as they had suffered a series of different carers thus preventing the development of one particular attachment. He suggested that private children did not show distress when separated for a particular figure, showing a lack of attachment.Following his own research of privation, Rutter proposed that it is like ly to lead to clingy dependant behaviour, softness to follow rules, to form lasting relationships or to feel guilt. He also found evidence of anti social behaviour, affectionless psychopathy. (McLeod 2008) Genie (reported by Curtiss 1977) was found when she was 13 years old. She had been kept in total closing off all of her life, had suffered severe neglect and had been physically restrained. At the hands of her father she was tied to a child potty in a bare room and punished if she made a sound. When discovered she had the look of a child aged 6 to 7, was unsocialised, primitive and barely human. She was unable to walk or talk. disdain intervention and being taken off her parents and placed in foster care, Genie never achieved mature social adjustment or language.However, the Czech Twins study Koluchova (1976) lost their mother shortly after they were born and were cared for by a social agency for a year being fostered by a maternal aunt for a further six months. Their develop ment was normal. Their father remarried but his new wife was excessively cruel to the twins, making them live in the cellar for the next five and a half years and beating them. Once removed from their parents the twins attended a school for children with severe learning difficulties and were later adopted. They went from a state of profound disability to being with peers their own age and later went on to achieve emotional and intellectual normality.( McLeod 2008)To conclude, in the case of Genie, the affects of her isolation proved not to be reversible, however, this could have been down to the fact that she was discovered at the age of 13. The earlier children are discovered, as in the case of the Czech twins, with good support and emotional care, it is possible. One could argue that the twins had each other and were able to form an early attachment. Rutter believed that the affects could be reversed with early adoptions. Whether the affects of privation are long lasting or not i s uncertain from the studies and most of the research is around privation. Research on deprivation showed that if care and emotional support was offered, that a reasonable level of recovery could be expected.BibliographyCardwell, Clark and Meldrum (2008) Psychology AS for AQAA. 4th Ed. London Harper Collins Publishers Ltd Holmes (1993) John Bowlby and attachment theory, pg 62, East Sussex Routedge) Howe,D (2011) Attachment across the life course, Hampshire Palgrave Macmillian) http//psychology4a.com/attach%208.htm (accessed twenty-fourth April 2014) Malim,T and Birch, A (1998) Introductory Psychology, Hampshire Macmillam defend McLeod,S.A. (2009) Attachment Theory http//www.simplypsychology.org/attachment.html (Accessed 24th April 2014) Mooney,C (2010) An Introduction to Bowlby,Ainsworth,Gerber,Brazelton,Kennel & Klaus. St.Paul Red leaf Press

Individual development plans (IDPs) part 2 Essay

Individual development plans (IDPs) part 2 - Essay ExampleAn consequential peculiarity of development objectives pertains to skills assessment. It is crucial for an individual to conduct an assessment of all the required and necessary skills to meet the objectives. An upright self-assessment will help identify gaps, as well as, strategies to seal the gaps within the specified timeframe. Strategies are much(prenominal) as one-on-one tutorials, workshops, and seminars can help accomplish the objectives (Feldman, 2011).The second aspect that leads to the effectiveness of the IDP is the timeline of the development. unity ought to have a strict schedule that he or she will commit towards a crabby development. It is impossible to attain all the skills needed for a long-term development in a a few(prenominal) weeks. In the same way, a short-term development requires less time to acquire the needed skills (Feldman, 2011). A timeline serves as the roadmap to success for one to achieve various professional and academic developments. Setting a real timeframe for each development is crucial to the fruition of the IDP. Commitment to the development within the set time is an important characteristic needed for one be successful (Feldman,

Security in the age of globlisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Security in the age of globlisation - Essay Example b push through of realist, liberal and constructionist research programmes, the latter had been discussed with major focus on its tender and economic processes.Since globalization is a spatial progress, it does not accommodate the principles of interdependence. Globalization materializes the circulation and interpenetration of people and ideas along with its material exchanges across cultures. The cliquish and public spheres merge and collide in such an environment. Unlike in the case of economic and social aspects of globalization, the effects of protective covering are harder to conceptualize and measure. It has to be analyzed and comprehended in contrast with the gelid War effects on security.The agency and scope of threat in the globalized world has grown out of all expectations that terms like global violence and human security has become common parlance. The security constituencies are defined at every level from the globa l to the regional to the individual. While the security providers die hard nationally defined, the dimensions of threat in the international sphere have grown much beyond its aegis. just the scope of security is also widened in the age of globalization, since the post Cold War security precepts puff beyond national constrictions. The issues that are brought under such expanded security comprise diseases, global warming, ozone depletion, superman rain, bio-diversity loss and radioactive contamination. The skill revolution among prospective terrorists has begun to pose a great threat as well. On a general societal level, despite the changing norms of security, globalization has made people both(prenominal) more aware and less decisive about intervention in ethnic conflicts.Non-Physical Security is the fiction concept that had originated from globalization. When the existing security concepts are expanded to protection of information and technology assets, it gains a non-physical status. This includes great information technology and smartness of weapons. Selling

Congregation and the Urban Landscape of Milwaukee Assignment

Congregation and the Urban Landscape of Milwaukee - Assignment ExamplePeople do changed their life storystyles and migrated to urban areas in the hope of securing job employments so as to live a comfortable life (Judith et al,pp.4-7).a). Rent Gap refers to the differences that exist between the rent that households are paying currently and the possible optimal rent that the market has the potential to generate. Assuming that there is an a positive correlation between the medial household income and the percentage of home ownership, then three consensus tracks likely to experience gentrification. They include Fairfield, Tripoli green and Brown Deer Park (Judith et al., pp.4-7.b. The most actively sought natural amenities in Milwaukee by developers include the presence of amenities such as water and food. Food is among the most fundamental unavoidably that human beings require for survival. Development based on latent cultural capital intends to ensure that renovation of the area is based on the culture of the people in the area (Hoelscher et al, pp.5-7).c. The current housing policies in Milwaukee have enabled the middle and upper-class families to able to afford to purchase houses. On the contrary, the Black community has been obscure in house ownership as the current policies are unfavorable to them (Gartner, pp.5-7).d. The residential congregation construct is a accessible and economical idea. The settlement of human beings influences their social interactions and economic activities. Furthermore, human beings are social able in nature and interact with each other. Consequently, it is impossible to find people who are backup in solitude and cannot interact with other races. Residential congregations also pull people together who let out the existing business opportunities. People who reside together have escalating needs that need to be. Consequently. The entrepreneurs cease the opportunities and bug out providing goods and services that meet the n eeds of customers (Gartner, pp.1-4).Hoelscher,

Single phase motors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Single phase repulses - Essay ExampleIt is alike called an induction start and induction run motor. This is the simplest from of a single-phase motor meant for small industries. There are devil windings. While the starter winding has fewer caliber wiring and turns, the master(prenominal) winding has higher gauge wire with more turns. This puts the start winding field ata different angle to the main winding field, resulting in the motor to rotate. Then the main winding, which is of heavier wire, takes over and keeps the motor running. When the speed reaches up to around 75% of its pinnacle , the switching mechanism, mainly a centrifugal switch on the motor shaft, disconnects the start winding from the main one. Although the application of such motor is advisable only for those jobs where the staring torque requirement is not high, this slipsetters case of motor is least high-priced for industrial uses.This sign is the most widely used motor for industrial applications. While this is similar to the split phase motor, the starter winding has a optical condenser in the circuit, which gives a boost to the starting function. Here again the start winding and the capacitor are disconnected when the motor reaches up to 75% of its rated speed. Due to the wider applications, including those where the starting torque requirement is high, this type of motor is more expensive than the split phase type. These motors passel be used for most of the belt drive applications like, small conveyors, Blowers and pumps. These can also be used for both, direct drive as well as geared applicationsThis type of motor neither has the capacitor connected to the start winding nor a switch for disconnection. However, a capacitor is connected to the start winding permanently, in series with it. Once the motor reaches its running speed, this run type capacitor turns the start winding into an auxiliary winding. The starting boost is missing