The Basic Building Blocks Of Quantitative Research Psychology Essay

The Basic Building Blocks Of numeric explore Psychology Essay soft search Methodology is gaining wide outflank sufferance among exploreers in Social Sciences Circle but finds less acceptance among Basic Scientists and Engineers who prefer to utilization Quantitative (Statistical) Methods of query.Statistics abide be defined as collecting, summarizing, and analyzing of entropy. Selection of a statistical abridgment that is appropriate depends on whether the information for the variable under canvass atomic number 18 soft or numeric. Quantitative data consists of numerical information and a methodology when applying statistical/mathematical tools for abbreviation of such type of data is known as Quantitative Research Methodology. In contrast, soft data consists of non-numerical information (such as text, images, and sounds) and a methodology of analysis of such kind of data when not relying on statistical/ mathematical tools is known as Qualitative Research Methodolo gy 1. The main rest that describes whether soft look into is superior or quantitative interrogation is how they are able to contribute to bodies of knowledge. Qualitative explore mainly niduses on the behaviors, cultures and defining characteristics of events, human nature, interactions and experience. entropy is not change to numerical data. Qualitative research methods emphasis on interpretation and by providing the analysts with complete views, environmental immersions and a depth of understanding of concepts. Qualitative methods of research provide a depth of understanding of issues/problems which is not possible by the use of quantitative methods (statistically-based investigations). The knowledge gained through qualitative research methods is more than informative, richer and offers enhanced understandings in comparison to that obtained through quantitative research methods. Quantitative research is typically considered to be the more scientific approach that is co ncern with number, or numerical descriptions of things and their relationships 2.The basic building blocks of quantitative research are variables. Important types of variables employ in quantitative research are monotonous variable, quantitative variable, dependent variable and independent variable. Three major types of quantitative research are experimental, non-experimental research and survey. The purpose of experimental research is to meditate relationship of cause and effect. It is only type of research where active consumption of an independent variable is present. Random assignment to create equivalent groups is used in the strongest experimental research designs 3. Experimental research includes testifying a hypothesis in a controlled environment while non-experimental research involves examining the already existing scenario in the world and trying to draw conclusions from the situation by development usually a cause-effect relationship. Social sciences, particularly history, archaeology, and political science, focalization the non-experimental research methods. Owing to the complexity of the situation there is no room to form a meaningful experiment for the majority of these fields. Though psychology and anthropology are a good deal more inclined to experimental research for find patterns 4. Testing of the hypothesis is done by either of the three tests z-test, t-test and p-value test 5. Quantitative analysis also includes descriptive and inferential statistics. Basic difference between descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (or inductive statistics) is that descriptive statistics which aims to restate a sampling, rather than utilise the data to learn about the population that the sample of data is thought to represent. They are not developed on the background of probability possibleness 6. Descriptive Statistics are the tabular, graphical, and numerical methods used to summarize data. Statistical inference is the process of using data obtained from the sample and to drag estimates and test hypotheses about the characteristics of the population 7. Summarizing of quantitative data includes 8Frequency disseminationRelative Frequency and Percent Frequency DistributionsDot PlotHistogram additive DistributionsNumerical methods used to summarize the quantitative data are 9 mingyMedianModeVarianceStandard DeviationCAQDASComputer help Qualitative Data Analysis software (CAQDAS) is the use of computer computer software for qualitative research. It helps in transcription analysis, coding and text interpretation, recursive abstraction, subject area analysis and discourse analysis etc. It is used in psychology, merchandise research, ethnography, and other societal sciences. A CAQDAS program should haveContent prying tools,Coding tools,Linking tools,Mapping or networking tools,Query tools,Writing and annotation tools.The advantages of using this software include avoiding from manual and clerical tasks, m saving, managing huge amounts of qualitative data, increased flexibility, improved validity and auditability of qualitative research. Disadvantages include increasely settled and rigid processes, privileging of coding, and retrieval methods reification of data, increased pressure on researchers to focus on volume and breadth rather than on depth and meaning, time and energy spent learning to use computer packages 10. CAQDAS (Computer assisted qualitative data analysis software) is the good one technique in qualitative which helps us to find the true forecast and acceptable results in a specific topic 11. A unique aspect of using CAQDAS vs. hand-coding/analysis is the ability of the program to create visual representations of data-charts, graphs, trees-that help in analysis and potentially can help readers to more deeply understand the interpretations 12. CAQDAS potentially makes qualitative inquiry more logical, transparent and trustworthy. CAQDAS such as NVivo can help in all the six steps of qualitative data analysis which are 13Choosing a topicliterature review pack of theoretical and abstract foundations and research questionsResearch design, Sample, context and negotiating accessData collection and preparationData analysis and Discussion and final write-up solely the CAQDAS packages provide these following features that make qualitative data analysis much easier structure of work, closeness to data and interactivity, explore the data, code and retrieve functionality, toil management and data organization, searching and interrogating the database, writing tools and standard selection of fruit reports 14.Do I agree?I agree with the view that qualitative research methodology is gaining wide spread acceptance among researchers in social sciences circle but finds less acceptance among basic scientists and Engineers who prefer to use quantitative (statistical) methods of research. In my opinion neither school of research is superior. two when carried out correctly provide good research results. The superiority of qualitative or quantitative research depends on the data under study and the fruitful additions to the knowledge made by either of the methods. The qualitative descriptive study is the method of choice when straight descriptions of phenomena are desired. Such study is especially useful for researchers wanting to know the who, what, and where of events 15. Qualitative research covers a broad area of philosophical positions. Interest in qualitative re-search is increasing in health department 16. The purpose of qualitative analysis is to get to greater understanding and to attain a higher level of conceptual or theoretical background than it can be achieved in any(prenominal) individual empirical study 17, 18. Quantitative research is described by some as a quick fix, it involves very little or no contact with the field or people 19, 20.Method which I will useBeing an engineer I shall use quantitative research method in my research project because it will be carried out in a controlled environment i.e. it will be experimental. found upon the test results I will validate my hypothesis and further statistical analysis will be conducted. (Insha Allah)Refrences1 Haegeman, K., et al. (2013). Quantitative and qualitative approaches in Future-orientedengineering Analysis (FTA) From combination to integration? Technological Forecastingand Social variegate 80(3) 386-397.2 Richard Tewksbury (2009). Qualitative versus Quantitative Methods Understanding WhyQualitative Methods are superlative for Criminology and Criminal Justice Journal ofTheoretical and Philosophical Criminology, Vol 1 (1).3 McMillan, J. H., Schumacher, S. (2009). Research in education Pearson Education.4 Neuman, W. L. (2005). Social research methods Quantitative and qualitative approachesAllyn and Bacon.5 http//statistics.about.com/od/HelpandTutorials/a/How-To-Conduct-A-Hypothesis-Test.htm6 Berenson, M. L. (1998). Basic business statistics C oncepts and applications Prentice HallPTR.7 Bryman, A., Cramer, D. (2005). Quantitative data analysis with SPSS 12 and 13 A guidefor social scientist. Routledge.8 De Veaux, R. D., Velleman, P. F., Bock, D. E. (2009). Stats Pearson, Addison-Wesley.9 Teddlie, C., Tashakkori, A. (2008). Foundations of complex methods research Integratingquantitative and qualitative approaches in the social and behavioural sciences. SAGEPublications, Incorporated.10 Ann Lewins and Cristina Silver (2009). QUIC-Qualitative innovations in CAQDUS 6thedition11 Rudolf. R. S, Eva. A. A (2012). Facilitating the interaction between theory and data inqualitative research using CAQDAS Sage Publications, 109-13112 Linnea L. Rademaker, Elizabeth J. Grace, and Stephen K. Curda (2012). Using Computer-assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS) to Re-examine TraditionallyAnalyzed Data Expanding our Understanding of the Data and of Ourselves as ScholarsThe Qualitative Report 2012 Volume 17, Article 43, 1-1 113 Sinkovics, Rudolf R. and Eva A. Alfoldi (2012), Facilitating the interaction betweentheory and data in qualitative research using CAQDAS, in Qualitative organizationalresearch Core methods and current challenges, Gillian Symon and Catherine Cassell (Eds.).London Sage Publications, 109-131.14 GarcaHorta, J. B., GuerraRamos, M. T. (2009). The use of CAQDAS in educationalresearch some advantages, limitations and potential risks. global Journal of Research Method in Education, 32(2), 151-165.15 Margarete Sandelowski (2000). Focus on Research Methods Whatever Happened toQualitative Description? Research in Nursing Health, 2000, 23, 334-34016 Denis Walsh, Soo Downe (2005). measure the quality of qualitative researchMidwifery (2006) 22, 108-119.17 Rona Campbell, et al. (2003). Evaluating meta-ethnography a synthesis of qualitativeresearch on lay experiences of diabetes and diabetes care Social Science euphony 56,671-684.18 Winter, G. (2000). A comparative discussion of the notion of validity in qualitative andquantitative research. The Qualitative Report 4(3) 4.19 Williams, F., Monge, P. R. (2001). Reasoning with statistics How to read quantitativeresearch (pp. 127-141). London Harcourt College Publishers.20 Bryman, A. (2006). Integrating quantitative and qualitative research how is it done?Qualitative research, 6(1), 97-113.